.\" Copyright (c) 1986, 1993 The Regents of the University of California. .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @(#)Title 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94 .\" .ps 18 .vs 22 .sp 2.75i .ft B .ce 2 UNIX System Manager's Manual (SMM) .ps 14 .vs 16 .sp |4i .ce 2 4.4 Berkeley Software Distribution .sp |5.75i .ft R .ps 12 .vs 16 .ce June, 1993 .sp |8.2i .ce 5 Computer Systems Research Group Computer Science Division Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley, California 94720 .bp \& .sp |1i .hy 0 .ps 10 .vs 12p Copyright 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .sp 2 Other than the specific manual pages and documents listed below as copyrighted by AT&T, redistribution and use of this manual in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: .sp 0.5 .in +0.2i .ta 0.2i .ti -0.2i 1) Redistributions of this manual must retain the copyright notices on this page, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .ti -0.2i 2) Software or documentation that incorporates part of this manual must reproduce the copyright notices on this page, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .ti -0.2i 3) All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors.'' .ti -0.2i 4) Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. .in -0.2i .sp \fB\s-1THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\s+1\fP .sp 2 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information Processing Systems have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation. .sp In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions of the system documentation. .sp 0.5 ``Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in 4.4BSD from IEEE Std 1003.1-1988, IEEE Standard Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments (POSIX), copyright 1988 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE Standard, the original IEEE Standard is the referee document.'' .sp In the following statement, the phrase ``This material'' refers to portions of the system documentation. .sp 0.5 ``This material is reproduced with permission from American National Standards Committee X3, on Information Processing Systems. Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (CBEMA), 311 First St., NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20001-2178. The developmental work of Programming Language C was completed by the X3J11 Technical Committee.'' .sp 2 Manual pages cron.8, icheck.8, ncheck.8, and sa.8 and documents SMM:15, 16, and 17 are copyright 1979, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Incorporated. Document SMM:14 is a modification of an earlier document that is copyrighted 1979 by AT&T Bell Laboratories, Incorporated. Holders of \x'-1p'UNIX\v'-4p'\s-3TM\s0\v'4p'/32V, System III, or System V software licenses are permitted to copy these documents, or any portion of them, as necessary for licensed use of the software, provided this copyright notice and statement of permission are included. .sp 2 The views and conclusions contained in this manual are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Regents of the University of California.