.\" @(#)xdr.3n	2.2 88/08/03 4.0 RPCSRC; from 1.16 88/03/14 SMI
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd February 16, 1988
.Dt XDR 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm xdr
.Nd "library routines for external data representation"
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Fd "#include <rpc/types.h>"
.Fd "#include <rpc/xdr.h>"
.Pp
See
.Sx DESCRIPTION
for function declarations.
.Sh DESCRIPTION
These routines allow C programmers to describe
arbitrary data structures in a machine-independent fashion.
Data for remote procedure calls are transmitted using these
routines.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fo xdr_array
.Fa "XDR *xdrs"
.Fa "char **arrp"
.Fa "u_int *sizep"
.Fa "u_int maxsize"
.Fa "u_int elsize"
.Fa "xdrproc_t elproc"
.Fc
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between variable-length
arrays
and their corresponding external representations.
The
parameter
.Fa arrp
is the address of the pointer to the array, while
.Fa sizep
is the address of the element count of the array;
this element count cannot exceed
.Fa maxsize .
The parameter
.Fa elsize
is the
.Ic sizeof
each of the array's elements, and
.Fa elproc
is an
.Tn XDR
filter that translates between
the array elements' C form, and their external
representation.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_bool "XDR *xdrs" "bool_t *bp"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between booleans (C
integers)
and their external representations.
When encoding data, this
filter produces values of either one or zero.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_bytes "XDR *xdrs" "char **sp" "u_int *sizep" "u_int maxsize"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between counted byte
strings and their external representations.
The parameter
.Fa sp
is the address of the string pointer.
The length of the
string is located at address
.Fa sizep ;
strings cannot be longer than
.Fa maxsize .
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_char "XDR *xdrs" "char *cp"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between C characters
and their external representations.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
Note: encoded characters are not packed, and occupy 4 bytes
each.
For arrays of characters, it is worthwhile to
consider
.Fn xdr_bytes ,
.Fn xdr_opaque
or
.Fn xdr_string .
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft void
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_destroy "XDR *xdrs"
.Xc
.Pp
A macro that invokes the destroy routine associated with the
.Tn XDR
stream,
.Fa xdrs .
Destruction usually involves freeing private data structures
associated with the stream.
Using
.Fa xdrs
after invoking
.Fn xdr_destroy
is undefined.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_double "XDR *xdrs" "double *dp"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between C
.Vt double
precision numbers and their external representations.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_enum "XDR *xdrs" "enum_t *ep"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between C
.Vt enum Ns s
(actually integers) and their external representations.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_float "XDR *xdrs" "float *fp"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between C
.Vt float Ns s
and their external representations.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft void
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_free "xdrproc_t proc" "char *objp"
.Xc
.Pp
Generic freeing routine.
The first argument is the
.Tn XDR
routine for the object being freed.
The second argument
is a pointer to the object itself.
Note: the pointer passed
to this routine is
.Em not
freed, but what it points to
.Em is
freed (recursively).
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft u_int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_getpos "XDR *xdrs"
.Xc
.Pp
A macro that invokes the get\-position routine
associated with the
.Tn XDR
stream,
.Fa xdrs .
The routine returns an unsigned integer,
which indicates the position of the
.Tn XDR
byte stream.
A desirable feature of
.Tn XDR
streams is that simple arithmetic works with this number,
although the
.Tn XDR
stream instances need not guarantee this.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft "long *"
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_inline "XDR *xdrs" "int len"
.Xc
.Pp
A macro that invokes the in-line routine associated with the
.Tn XDR
stream,
.Fa xdrs .
The routine returns a pointer
to a contiguous piece of the stream's buffer;
.Fa len
is the byte length of the desired buffer.
Note: pointer is cast to
.Vt "long *" .
.Pp
Warning:
.Fn xdr_inline
may return
.Dv NULL
(0)
if it cannot allocate a contiguous piece of a buffer.
Therefore the behavior may vary among stream instances;
it exists for the sake of efficiency.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_int "XDR *xdrs" "int *ip"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between C integers
and their external representations.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_long "XDR *xdrs" "long *lp"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between C
.Vt long
integers and their external representations.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft void
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdrmem_create "XDR *xdrs" "char *addr" "u_int size" "enum xdr_op op"
.Xc
.Pp
This routine initializes the
.Tn XDR
stream object pointed to by
.Fa xdrs .
The stream's data is written to, or read from,
a chunk of memory at location
.Fa addr
whose length is no more than
.Fa size
bytes long.
The
.Fa op
determines the direction of the
.Tn XDR
stream
(either
.Dv XDR_ENCODE ,
.Dv XDR_DECODE ,
or
.Dv XDR_FREE ) .
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_opaque "XDR *xdrs" "char *cp" "u_int cnt"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between fixed size opaque
data
and its external representation.
The parameter
.Fa cp
is the address of the opaque object, and
.Fa cnt
is its size in bytes.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_pointer "XDR *xdrs" "char **objpp" "u_int objsize" "xdrproc_t xdrobj"
.Xc
.Pp
Like
.Fn xdr_reference
except that it serializes
.Dv NULL
pointers, whereas
.Fn xdr_reference
does not.
Thus,
.Fn xdr_pointer
can represent
recursive data structures, such as binary trees or
linked lists.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft void
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fo xdrrec_create
.Fa "XDR *xdrs"
.Fa "u_int sendsize"
.Fa "u_int recvsize"
.Fa "char *handle"
.Fa "int \*(lp*readit\*(rp\*(lp\*(rp"
.Fa "int \*(lp*writeit\*(rp\*(lp\*(rp"
.Fc
.Xc
.Pp
This routine initializes the
.Tn XDR
stream object pointed to by
.Fa xdrs .
The stream's data is written to a buffer of size
.Fa sendsize ;
a value of zero indicates the system should use a suitable
default.
The stream's data is read from a buffer of size
.Fa recvsize ;
it too can be set to a suitable default by passing a zero
value.
When a stream's output buffer is full,
.Fn writeit
is called.
Similarly, when a stream's input buffer is empty,
.Fn readit
is called.
The behavior of these two routines is similar to
the
system calls
.Xr read 2
and
.Xr write 2 ,
except that
.Fa handle
is passed to the former routines as the first parameter.
Note: the
.Tn XDR
stream's
.Fa op
field must be set by the caller.
.Pp
Warning: this
.Tn XDR
stream implements an intermediate record stream.
Therefore there are additional bytes in the stream
to provide record boundary information.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdrrec_endofrecord "XDR *xdrs" "int sendnow"
.Xc
.Pp
This routine can be invoked only on
streams created by
.Fn xdrrec_create .
The data in the output buffer is marked as a completed
record,
and the output buffer is optionally written out if
.Fa sendnow
is non-zero.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero
otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdrrec_eof "XDR *xdrs"
.Xc
.Pp
This routine can be invoked only on
streams created by
.Fn xdrrec_create .
After consuming the rest of the current record in the stream,
this routine returns one if the stream has no more input,
zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdrrec_skiprecord "XDR *xdrs"
.Xc
.Pp
This routine can be invoked only on
streams created by
.Fn xdrrec_create .
It tells the
.Tn XDR
implementation that the rest of the current record
in the stream's input buffer should be discarded.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_reference "XDR *xdrs" "char **pp" "u_int size" "xdrproc_t proc"
.Xc
.Pp
A primitive that provides pointer chasing within structures.
The parameter
.Fa pp
is the address of the pointer;
.Fa size
is the
.Ic sizeof
the structure that
.Fa *pp
points to; and
.Fa proc
is an
.Tn XDR
procedure that filters the structure
between its C form and its external representation.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
Warning: this routine does not understand
.Dv NULL
pointers.
Use
.Fn xdr_pointer
instead.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_setpos "XDR *xdrs" "u_int pos"
.Xc
.Pp
A macro that invokes the set position routine associated with
the
.Tn XDR
stream
.Fa xdrs .
The parameter
.Fa pos
is a position value obtained from
.Fn xdr_getpos .
This routine returns one if the
.Tn XDR
stream could be repositioned,
and zero otherwise.
.Pp
Warning: it is difficult to reposition some types of
.Tn XDR
streams, so this routine may fail with one
type of stream and succeed with another.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_short "XDR *xdrs" "short *sp"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between C
.Vt short
integers and their external representations.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.Fd #ifdef _STDIO_H_
.Fd /* XDR using stdio library */
.It Xo
.Ft void
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdrstdio_create "XDR *xdrs" "FILE *file" "enum xdr_op op"
.Xc
.Fd #endif
.Pp
This routine initializes the
.Tn XDR
stream object pointed to by
.Fa xdrs .
The
.Tn XDR
stream data is written to, or read from, the Standard
.Tn I/O
stream
.Fa file .
The parameter
.Fa op
determines the direction of the
.Tn XDR
stream (either
.Dv XDR_ENCODE ,
.Dv XDR_DECODE ,
or
.Dv XDR_FREE ) .
.Pp
Warning: the destroy routine associated with such
.Tn XDR
streams calls
.Xr fflush 3
on the
.Fa file
stream, but never
.Xr fclose 3 .
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_string "XDR *xdrs" "char **sp" "u_int maxsize"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between C strings and
their
corresponding external representations.
Strings cannot be longer than
.Fa maxsize .
Note:
.Fa sp
is the address of the string's pointer.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_u_char "XDR *xdrs" "unsigned char *ucp"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between
.Vt unsigned
C characters and their external representations.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_u_int "XDR *xdrs" "unsigned *up"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between C
.Vt unsigned
integers and their external representations.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_u_long "XDR *xdrs" "unsigned long *ulp"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between C
.Vt "unsigned long"
integers and their external representations.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_u_short "XDR *xdrs" "unsigned short *usp"
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between C
.Vt "unsigned short"
integers and their external representations.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fo xdr_union
.Fa "XDR *xdrs"
.Fa "int *dscmp"
.Fa "char *unp"
.Fa "struct xdr_discrim *choices"
.Fa "bool_t \*(lp*defaultarm\*(rp\*(lp\*(rp"
.Fc
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between a discriminated C
.Vt union
and its corresponding external representation.
It first
translates the discriminant of the union located at
.Fa dscmp .
This discriminant is always an
.Vt enum_t .
Next the union located at
.Fa unp
is translated.
The parameter
.Fa choices
is a pointer to an array of
.Vt xdr_discrim
structures.
Each structure contains an ordered pair of
.Bq Va value , proc .
If the union's discriminant is equal to the associated
.Va value ,
then the
.Fn proc
is called to translate the union.
The end of the
.Vt xdr_discrim
structure array is denoted by a routine of value
.Dv NULL .
If the discriminant is not found in the
.Fa choices
array, then the
.Fn defaultarm
procedure is called (if it is not
.Dv NULL ) .
Returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fo xdr_vector
.Fa "XDR *xdrs"
.Fa "char *arrp"
.Fa "u_int size"
.Fa "u_int elsize"
.Fa "xdrproc_t elproc"
.Fc
.Xc
.Pp
A filter primitive that translates between fixed-length
arrays
and their corresponding external representations.
The
parameter
.Fa arrp
is the address of the pointer to the array, while
.Fa size
is the element count of the array.
The parameter
.Fa elsize
is the
.Ic sizeof
each of the array's elements, and
.Fa elproc
is an
.Tn XDR
filter that translates between
the array elements' C form, and their external
representation.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_void void
.Xc
.Pp
This routine always returns one.
It may be passed to
.Tn RPC
routines that require a function parameter,
where nothing is to be done.
.Pp
.It Xo
.Ft int
.Xc
.It Xo
.Fn xdr_wrapstring "XDR *xdrs" "char **sp"
.Xc
.Pp
A primitive that calls
.Fn xdr_string xdrs sp MAXUN.UNSIGNED ;
where
.Dv MAXUN.UNSIGNED
is the maximum value of an unsigned integer.
.Fn xdr_wrapstring
is handy because the
.Tn RPC
package passes a maximum of two
.Tn XDR
routines as parameters, and
.Fn xdr_string ,
one of the most frequently used primitives, requires three.
Returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr rpc 3
.Rs
.%T "eXternal Data Representation Standard: Protocol Specification"
.Re
.Rs
.%T "eXternal Data Representation: Sun Technical Notes"
.Re
.Rs
.%T "XDR: External Data Representation Standard"
.%O RFC1014
.%Q "Sun Microsystems, Inc., USC\-ISI"
.Re