.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.Dd December 7, 2020
.Dt GETSERVENT 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm getservent ,
.Nm getservbyport ,
.Nm getservbyname ,
.Nm setservent ,
.Nm endservent
.Nd get service entry
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In netdb.h
.Ft struct servent *
.Fn getservent
.Ft struct servent *
.Fn getservbyname "const char *name" "const char *proto"
.Ft struct servent *
.Fn getservbyport "int port" "const char *proto"
.Ft void
.Fn setservent "int stayopen"
.Ft void
.Fn endservent void
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn getservent ,
.Fn getservbyname ,
and
.Fn getservbyport
functions
each return a pointer to an object with the
following structure
containing the broken-out
fields of a line in the network services data base,
.Pa /etc/services .
.Bd -literal -offset indent
struct servent {
	char	*s_name;	/* official name of service */
	char	**s_aliases;	/* alias list */
	int	s_port;		/* port service resides at */
	char	*s_proto;	/* protocol to use */
};
.Ed
.Pp
The members of this structure are:
.Bl -tag -width s_aliases
.It Fa s_name
The official name of the service.
.It Fa s_aliases
A zero terminated list of alternate names for the service.
.It Fa s_port
The port number at which the service resides.
Port numbers are returned in network byte order.
.It Fa s_proto
The name of the protocol to use when contacting the
service.
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn getservent
function
reads the next line of the file, opening the file if necessary.
.Pp
The
.Fn setservent
function
opens and rewinds the file.
If the
.Fa stayopen
flag is non-zero,
the net data base will not be closed after each call to
.Fn getservbyname
or
.Fn getservbyport .
.Pp
The
.Fn endservent
function
closes the file.
.Pp
The
.Fn getservbyname
and
.Fn getservbyport
functions
sequentially search from the beginning
of the file until a matching
protocol name or
port number (which must be specified in
network byte order) is found,
or until
.Dv EOF
is encountered.
If a protocol name is also supplied (non-
.Dv NULL ) ,
searches must also match the protocol.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /etc/services -compact
.It Pa /etc/services
.It Pa /var/db/services.db
.El
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
Null pointer returned on
.Dv EOF
or error.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr getprotoent 3 ,
.Xr services 5 ,
.Xr services_mkdb 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fn getservent ,
.Fn getservbyport ,
.Fn getservbyname ,
.Fn setservent ,
and
.Fn endservent
functions appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .
.Sh BUGS
These functions use a thread-specific data storage;
if the data is needed for future use, it should be
copied before any subsequent calls overwrite it.
Expecting port numbers to fit in a 32 bit
quantity is probably naive.