//===- X86.cpp ------------------------------------------------------------===// // // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions. // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information. // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception // //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// #include "InputFiles.h" #include "Symbols.h" #include "SyntheticSections.h" #include "Target.h" #include "lld/Common/ErrorHandler.h" #include "llvm/Support/Endian.h" using namespace llvm; using namespace llvm::support::endian; using namespace llvm::ELF; using namespace lld; using namespace lld::elf; namespace { class X86 : public TargetInfo { public: X86(); int getTlsGdRelaxSkip(RelType type) const override; RelExpr getRelExpr(RelType type, const Symbol &s, const uint8_t *loc) const override; int64_t getImplicitAddend(const uint8_t *buf, RelType type) const override; void writeGotPltHeader(uint8_t *buf) const override; RelType getDynRel(RelType type) const override; void writeGotPlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &s) const override; void writeIgotPlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &s) const override; void writePltHeader(uint8_t *buf) const override; void writePlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &sym, uint64_t pltEntryAddr) const override; void relocate(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &rel, uint64_t val) const override; RelExpr adjustTlsExpr(RelType type, RelExpr expr) const override; void relaxTlsGdToIe(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &rel, uint64_t val) const override; void relaxTlsGdToLe(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &rel, uint64_t val) const override; void relaxTlsIeToLe(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &rel, uint64_t val) const override; void relaxTlsLdToLe(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &rel, uint64_t val) const override; }; } // namespace X86::X86() { copyRel = R_386_COPY; gotRel = R_386_GLOB_DAT; noneRel = R_386_NONE; pltRel = R_386_JUMP_SLOT; iRelativeRel = R_386_IRELATIVE; relativeRel = R_386_RELATIVE; symbolicRel = R_386_32; tlsGotRel = R_386_TLS_TPOFF; tlsModuleIndexRel = R_386_TLS_DTPMOD32; tlsOffsetRel = R_386_TLS_DTPOFF32; pltHeaderSize = 16; pltEntrySize = 16; ipltEntrySize = 16; trapInstr = {0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc}; // 0xcc = INT3 // Align to the non-PAE large page size (known as a superpage or huge page). // FreeBSD automatically promotes large, superpage-aligned allocations. defaultImageBase = 0x400000; } int X86::getTlsGdRelaxSkip(RelType type) const { return 2; } RelExpr X86::getRelExpr(RelType type, const Symbol &s, const uint8_t *loc) const { // There are 4 different TLS variable models with varying degrees of // flexibility and performance. LocalExec and InitialExec models are fast but // less-flexible models. If they are in use, we set DF_STATIC_TLS flag in the // dynamic section to let runtime know about that. if (type == R_386_TLS_LE || type == R_386_TLS_LE_32 || type == R_386_TLS_IE || type == R_386_TLS_GOTIE) config->hasStaticTlsModel = true; switch (type) { case R_386_8: case R_386_16: case R_386_32: return R_ABS; case R_386_TLS_LDO_32: return R_DTPREL; case R_386_TLS_GD: return R_TLSGD_GOTPLT; case R_386_TLS_LDM: return R_TLSLD_GOTPLT; case R_386_PLT32: return R_PLT_PC; case R_386_PC8: case R_386_PC16: case R_386_PC32: return R_PC; case R_386_GOTPC: return R_GOTPLTONLY_PC; case R_386_TLS_IE: return R_GOT; case R_386_GOT32: case R_386_GOT32X: // These relocations are arguably mis-designed because their calculations // depend on the instructions they are applied to. This is bad because we // usually don't care about whether the target section contains valid // machine instructions or not. But this is part of the documented ABI, so // we had to implement as the standard requires. // // x86 does not support PC-relative data access. Therefore, in order to // access GOT contents, a GOT address needs to be known at link-time // (which means non-PIC) or compilers have to emit code to get a GOT // address at runtime (which means code is position-independent but // compilers need to emit extra code for each GOT access.) This decision // is made at compile-time. In the latter case, compilers emit code to // load a GOT address to a register, which is usually %ebx. // // So, there are two ways to refer to symbol foo's GOT entry: foo@GOT or // foo@GOT(%ebx). // // foo@GOT is not usable in PIC. If we are creating a PIC output and if we // find such relocation, we should report an error. foo@GOT is resolved to // an *absolute* address of foo's GOT entry, because both GOT address and // foo's offset are known. In other words, it's G + A. // // foo@GOT(%ebx) needs to be resolved to a *relative* offset from a GOT to // foo's GOT entry in the table, because GOT address is not known but foo's // offset in the table is known. It's G + A - GOT. // // It's unfortunate that compilers emit the same relocation for these // different use cases. In order to distinguish them, we have to read a // machine instruction. // // The following code implements it. We assume that Loc[0] is the first byte // of a displacement or an immediate field of a valid machine // instruction. That means a ModRM byte is at Loc[-1]. By taking a look at // the byte, we can determine whether the instruction uses the operand as an // absolute address (R_GOT) or a register-relative address (R_GOTPLT). return (loc[-1] & 0xc7) == 0x5 ? R_GOT : R_GOTPLT; case R_386_TLS_GOTIE: return R_GOTPLT; case R_386_GOTOFF: return R_GOTPLTREL; case R_386_TLS_LE: return R_TPREL; case R_386_TLS_LE_32: return R_TPREL_NEG; case R_386_NONE: return R_NONE; default: error(getErrorLocation(loc) + "unknown relocation (" + Twine(type) + ") against symbol " + toString(s)); return R_NONE; } } RelExpr X86::adjustTlsExpr(RelType type, RelExpr expr) const { switch (expr) { default: return expr; case R_RELAX_TLS_GD_TO_IE: return R_RELAX_TLS_GD_TO_IE_GOTPLT; case R_RELAX_TLS_GD_TO_LE: return R_RELAX_TLS_GD_TO_LE_NEG; } } void X86::writeGotPltHeader(uint8_t *buf) const { write32le(buf, mainPart->dynamic->getVA()); } void X86::writeGotPlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &s) const { // Entries in .got.plt initially points back to the corresponding // PLT entries with a fixed offset to skip the first instruction. write32le(buf, s.getPltVA() + 6); } void X86::writeIgotPlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &s) const { // An x86 entry is the address of the ifunc resolver function. write32le(buf, s.getVA()); } RelType X86::getDynRel(RelType type) const { if (type == R_386_TLS_LE) return R_386_TLS_TPOFF; if (type == R_386_TLS_LE_32) return R_386_TLS_TPOFF32; return type; } void X86::writePltHeader(uint8_t *buf) const { if (config->isPic) { const uint8_t v[] = { 0xff, 0xb3, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // pushl 4(%ebx) 0xff, 0xa3, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // jmp *8(%ebx) 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90 // nop }; memcpy(buf, v, sizeof(v)); return; } const uint8_t pltData[] = { 0xff, 0x35, 0, 0, 0, 0, // pushl (GOTPLT+4) 0xff, 0x25, 0, 0, 0, 0, // jmp *(GOTPLT+8) 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, // nop }; memcpy(buf, pltData, sizeof(pltData)); uint32_t gotPlt = in.gotPlt->getVA(); write32le(buf + 2, gotPlt + 4); write32le(buf + 8, gotPlt + 8); } void X86::writePlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &sym, uint64_t pltEntryAddr) const { unsigned relOff = in.relaPlt->entsize * sym.pltIndex; if (config->isPic) { const uint8_t inst[] = { 0xff, 0xa3, 0, 0, 0, 0, // jmp *foo@GOT(%ebx) 0x68, 0, 0, 0, 0, // pushl $reloc_offset 0xe9, 0, 0, 0, 0, // jmp .PLT0@PC }; memcpy(buf, inst, sizeof(inst)); write32le(buf + 2, sym.getGotPltVA() - in.gotPlt->getVA()); } else { const uint8_t inst[] = { 0xff, 0x25, 0, 0, 0, 0, // jmp *foo@GOT 0x68, 0, 0, 0, 0, // pushl $reloc_offset 0xe9, 0, 0, 0, 0, // jmp .PLT0@PC }; memcpy(buf, inst, sizeof(inst)); write32le(buf + 2, sym.getGotPltVA()); } write32le(buf + 7, relOff); write32le(buf + 12, in.plt->getVA() - pltEntryAddr - 16); } int64_t X86::getImplicitAddend(const uint8_t *buf, RelType type) const { switch (type) { case R_386_8: case R_386_PC8: return SignExtend64<8>(*buf); case R_386_16: case R_386_PC16: return SignExtend64<16>(read16le(buf)); case R_386_32: case R_386_GLOB_DAT: case R_386_GOT32: case R_386_GOT32X: case R_386_GOTOFF: case R_386_GOTPC: case R_386_IRELATIVE: case R_386_PC32: case R_386_PLT32: case R_386_RELATIVE: case R_386_TLS_DTPMOD32: case R_386_TLS_DTPOFF32: case R_386_TLS_LDO_32: case R_386_TLS_LDM: case R_386_TLS_IE: case R_386_TLS_IE_32: case R_386_TLS_LE: case R_386_TLS_LE_32: case R_386_TLS_GD: case R_386_TLS_GD_32: case R_386_TLS_GOTIE: case R_386_TLS_TPOFF: case R_386_TLS_TPOFF32: return SignExtend64<32>(read32le(buf)); case R_386_NONE: case R_386_JUMP_SLOT: // These relocations are defined as not having an implicit addend. return 0; default: internalLinkerError(getErrorLocation(buf), "cannot read addend for relocation " + toString(type)); return 0; } } void X86::relocate(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &rel, uint64_t val) const { switch (rel.type) { case R_386_8: // R_386_{PC,}{8,16} are not part of the i386 psABI, but they are // being used for some 16-bit programs such as boot loaders, so // we want to support them. checkIntUInt(loc, val, 8, rel); *loc = val; break; case R_386_PC8: checkInt(loc, val, 8, rel); *loc = val; break; case R_386_16: checkIntUInt(loc, val, 16, rel); write16le(loc, val); break; case R_386_PC16: // R_386_PC16 is normally used with 16 bit code. In that situation // the PC is 16 bits, just like the addend. This means that it can // point from any 16 bit address to any other if the possibility // of wrapping is included. // The only restriction we have to check then is that the destination // address fits in 16 bits. That is impossible to do here. The problem is // that we are passed the final value, which already had the // current location subtracted from it. // We just check that Val fits in 17 bits. This misses some cases, but // should have no false positives. checkInt(loc, val, 17, rel); write16le(loc, val); break; case R_386_32: case R_386_GOT32: case R_386_GOT32X: case R_386_GOTOFF: case R_386_GOTPC: case R_386_PC32: case R_386_PLT32: case R_386_RELATIVE: case R_386_TLS_DTPMOD32: case R_386_TLS_DTPOFF32: case R_386_TLS_GD: case R_386_TLS_GOTIE: case R_386_TLS_IE: case R_386_TLS_LDM: case R_386_TLS_LDO_32: case R_386_TLS_LE: case R_386_TLS_LE_32: case R_386_TLS_TPOFF: case R_386_TLS_TPOFF32: checkInt(loc, val, 32, rel); write32le(loc, val); break; default: llvm_unreachable("unknown relocation"); } } void X86::relaxTlsGdToLe(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &, uint64_t val) const { // Convert // leal x@tlsgd(, %ebx, 1), // call __tls_get_addr@plt // to // movl %gs:0,%eax // subl $x@ntpoff,%eax const uint8_t inst[] = { 0x65, 0xa1, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // movl %gs:0, %eax 0x81, 0xe8, 0, 0, 0, 0, // subl Val(%ebx), %eax }; memcpy(loc - 3, inst, sizeof(inst)); write32le(loc + 5, val); } void X86::relaxTlsGdToIe(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &, uint64_t val) const { // Convert // leal x@tlsgd(, %ebx, 1), // call __tls_get_addr@plt // to // movl %gs:0, %eax // addl x@gotntpoff(%ebx), %eax const uint8_t inst[] = { 0x65, 0xa1, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // movl %gs:0, %eax 0x03, 0x83, 0, 0, 0, 0, // addl Val(%ebx), %eax }; memcpy(loc - 3, inst, sizeof(inst)); write32le(loc + 5, val); } // In some conditions, relocations can be optimized to avoid using GOT. // This function does that for Initial Exec to Local Exec case. void X86::relaxTlsIeToLe(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &rel, uint64_t val) const { // Ulrich's document section 6.2 says that @gotntpoff can // be used with MOVL or ADDL instructions. // @indntpoff is similar to @gotntpoff, but for use in // position dependent code. uint8_t reg = (loc[-1] >> 3) & 7; if (rel.type == R_386_TLS_IE) { if (loc[-1] == 0xa1) { // "movl foo@indntpoff,%eax" -> "movl $foo,%eax" // This case is different from the generic case below because // this is a 5 byte instruction while below is 6 bytes. loc[-1] = 0xb8; } else if (loc[-2] == 0x8b) { // "movl foo@indntpoff,%reg" -> "movl $foo,%reg" loc[-2] = 0xc7; loc[-1] = 0xc0 | reg; } else { // "addl foo@indntpoff,%reg" -> "addl $foo,%reg" loc[-2] = 0x81; loc[-1] = 0xc0 | reg; } } else { assert(rel.type == R_386_TLS_GOTIE); if (loc[-2] == 0x8b) { // "movl foo@gottpoff(%rip),%reg" -> "movl $foo,%reg" loc[-2] = 0xc7; loc[-1] = 0xc0 | reg; } else { // "addl foo@gotntpoff(%rip),%reg" -> "leal foo(%reg),%reg" loc[-2] = 0x8d; loc[-1] = 0x80 | (reg << 3) | reg; } } write32le(loc, val); } void X86::relaxTlsLdToLe(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &rel, uint64_t val) const { if (rel.type == R_386_TLS_LDO_32) { write32le(loc, val); return; } // Convert // leal foo(%reg),%eax // call ___tls_get_addr // to // movl %gs:0,%eax // nop // leal 0(%esi,1),%esi const uint8_t inst[] = { 0x65, 0xa1, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // movl %gs:0,%eax 0x90, // nop 0x8d, 0x74, 0x26, 0x00, // leal 0(%esi,1),%esi }; memcpy(loc - 2, inst, sizeof(inst)); } // If Intel Indirect Branch Tracking is enabled, we have to emit special PLT // entries containing endbr32 instructions. A PLT entry will be split into two // parts, one in .plt.sec (writePlt), and the other in .plt (writeIBTPlt). namespace { class IntelIBT : public X86 { public: IntelIBT(); void writeGotPlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &s) const override; void writePlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &sym, uint64_t pltEntryAddr) const override; void writeIBTPlt(uint8_t *buf, size_t numEntries) const override; static const unsigned IBTPltHeaderSize = 16; }; } // namespace IntelIBT::IntelIBT() { pltHeaderSize = 0; } void IntelIBT::writeGotPlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &s) const { uint64_t va = in.ibtPlt->getVA() + IBTPltHeaderSize + s.pltIndex * pltEntrySize; write32le(buf, va); } void IntelIBT::writePlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &sym, uint64_t /*pltEntryAddr*/) const { if (config->isPic) { const uint8_t inst[] = { 0xf3, 0x0f, 0x1e, 0xfb, // endbr32 0xff, 0xa3, 0, 0, 0, 0, // jmp *name@GOT(%ebx) 0x66, 0x0f, 0x1f, 0x44, 0, 0, // nop }; memcpy(buf, inst, sizeof(inst)); write32le(buf + 6, sym.getGotPltVA() - in.gotPlt->getVA()); return; } const uint8_t inst[] = { 0xf3, 0x0f, 0x1e, 0xfb, // endbr32 0xff, 0x25, 0, 0, 0, 0, // jmp *foo@GOT 0x66, 0x0f, 0x1f, 0x44, 0, 0, // nop }; memcpy(buf, inst, sizeof(inst)); write32le(buf + 6, sym.getGotPltVA()); } void IntelIBT::writeIBTPlt(uint8_t *buf, size_t numEntries) const { writePltHeader(buf); buf += IBTPltHeaderSize; const uint8_t inst[] = { 0xf3, 0x0f, 0x1e, 0xfb, // endbr32 0x68, 0, 0, 0, 0, // pushl $reloc_offset 0xe9, 0, 0, 0, 0, // jmpq .PLT0@PC 0x66, 0x90, // nop }; for (size_t i = 0; i < numEntries; ++i) { memcpy(buf, inst, sizeof(inst)); write32le(buf + 5, i * sizeof(object::ELF32LE::Rel)); write32le(buf + 10, -pltHeaderSize - sizeof(inst) * i - 30); buf += sizeof(inst); } } namespace { class RetpolinePic : public X86 { public: RetpolinePic(); void writeGotPlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &s) const override; void writePltHeader(uint8_t *buf) const override; void writePlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &sym, uint64_t pltEntryAddr) const override; }; class RetpolineNoPic : public X86 { public: RetpolineNoPic(); void writeGotPlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &s) const override; void writePltHeader(uint8_t *buf) const override; void writePlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &sym, uint64_t pltEntryAddr) const override; }; } // namespace RetpolinePic::RetpolinePic() { pltHeaderSize = 48; pltEntrySize = 32; ipltEntrySize = 32; } void RetpolinePic::writeGotPlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &s) const { write32le(buf, s.getPltVA() + 17); } void RetpolinePic::writePltHeader(uint8_t *buf) const { const uint8_t insn[] = { 0xff, 0xb3, 4, 0, 0, 0, // 0: pushl 4(%ebx) 0x50, // 6: pushl %eax 0x8b, 0x83, 8, 0, 0, 0, // 7: mov 8(%ebx), %eax 0xe8, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // d: call next 0xf3, 0x90, // 12: loop: pause 0x0f, 0xae, 0xe8, // 14: lfence 0xeb, 0xf9, // 17: jmp loop 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, // 19: int3; .align 16 0x89, 0x0c, 0x24, // 20: next: mov %ecx, (%esp) 0x8b, 0x4c, 0x24, 0x04, // 23: mov 0x4(%esp), %ecx 0x89, 0x44, 0x24, 0x04, // 27: mov %eax ,0x4(%esp) 0x89, 0xc8, // 2b: mov %ecx, %eax 0x59, // 2d: pop %ecx 0xc3, // 2e: ret 0xcc, // 2f: int3; padding }; memcpy(buf, insn, sizeof(insn)); } void RetpolinePic::writePlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &sym, uint64_t pltEntryAddr) const { unsigned relOff = in.relaPlt->entsize * sym.pltIndex; const uint8_t insn[] = { 0x50, // pushl %eax 0x8b, 0x83, 0, 0, 0, 0, // mov foo@GOT(%ebx), %eax 0xe8, 0, 0, 0, 0, // call plt+0x20 0xe9, 0, 0, 0, 0, // jmp plt+0x12 0x68, 0, 0, 0, 0, // pushl $reloc_offset 0xe9, 0, 0, 0, 0, // jmp plt+0 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, // int3; padding }; memcpy(buf, insn, sizeof(insn)); uint32_t ebx = in.gotPlt->getVA(); unsigned off = pltEntryAddr - in.plt->getVA(); write32le(buf + 3, sym.getGotPltVA() - ebx); write32le(buf + 8, -off - 12 + 32); write32le(buf + 13, -off - 17 + 18); write32le(buf + 18, relOff); write32le(buf + 23, -off - 27); } RetpolineNoPic::RetpolineNoPic() { pltHeaderSize = 48; pltEntrySize = 32; ipltEntrySize = 32; } void RetpolineNoPic::writeGotPlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &s) const { write32le(buf, s.getPltVA() + 16); } void RetpolineNoPic::writePltHeader(uint8_t *buf) const { const uint8_t insn[] = { 0xff, 0x35, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 0: pushl GOTPLT+4 0x50, // 6: pushl %eax 0xa1, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 7: mov GOTPLT+8, %eax 0xe8, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // c: call next 0xf3, 0x90, // 11: loop: pause 0x0f, 0xae, 0xe8, // 13: lfence 0xeb, 0xf9, // 16: jmp loop 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, // 18: int3 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, // 1f: int3; .align 16 0x89, 0x0c, 0x24, // 20: next: mov %ecx, (%esp) 0x8b, 0x4c, 0x24, 0x04, // 23: mov 0x4(%esp), %ecx 0x89, 0x44, 0x24, 0x04, // 27: mov %eax ,0x4(%esp) 0x89, 0xc8, // 2b: mov %ecx, %eax 0x59, // 2d: pop %ecx 0xc3, // 2e: ret 0xcc, // 2f: int3; padding }; memcpy(buf, insn, sizeof(insn)); uint32_t gotPlt = in.gotPlt->getVA(); write32le(buf + 2, gotPlt + 4); write32le(buf + 8, gotPlt + 8); } void RetpolineNoPic::writePlt(uint8_t *buf, const Symbol &sym, uint64_t pltEntryAddr) const { unsigned relOff = in.relaPlt->entsize * sym.pltIndex; const uint8_t insn[] = { 0x50, // 0: pushl %eax 0xa1, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 1: mov foo_in_GOT, %eax 0xe8, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 6: call plt+0x20 0xe9, 0, 0, 0, 0, // b: jmp plt+0x11 0x68, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 10: pushl $reloc_offset 0xe9, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 15: jmp plt+0 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, // 1a: int3; padding 0xcc, // 1f: int3; padding }; memcpy(buf, insn, sizeof(insn)); unsigned off = pltEntryAddr - in.plt->getVA(); write32le(buf + 2, sym.getGotPltVA()); write32le(buf + 7, -off - 11 + 32); write32le(buf + 12, -off - 16 + 17); write32le(buf + 17, relOff); write32le(buf + 22, -off - 26); } TargetInfo *elf::getX86TargetInfo() { if (config->zRetpolineplt) { if (config->isPic) { static RetpolinePic t; return &t; } static RetpolineNoPic t; return &t; } if (config->andFeatures & GNU_PROPERTY_X86_FEATURE_1_IBT) { static IntelIBT t; return &t; } static X86 t; return &t; }