Lines Matching +full:06 +full:- +full:inch
4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
11 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
38 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
39 # [PDF] (1914-03)
41 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
48 # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
49 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
52 # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
53 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
55 # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vre…
60 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
67 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
71 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
72 # 1:00 IST GMT Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST
74 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)
75 # 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
79 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), re EEC/EC/EU members:
105 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
120 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
124 # [This yields STDOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
126 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
131 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
132 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
135 # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
138 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
147 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
150 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
151 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
153 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
157 # New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
159 # after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
161 # that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See:
162 # Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30°.
168 # In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
175 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
177 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
178 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
179 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
184 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
190 # -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
192 …w.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-114/a-silent-toast-to-william-willett-…
194 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
201 # ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8.
203 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
213 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
219 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
220 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
224 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
230 # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
231 # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
233 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
239 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
244 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
248 # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
250 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
254 # https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_h…
257 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
259 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
270 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
272 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
282 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
284 # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-04):
290 # -- James Joyce, Ulysses
295 # Whitman says Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time was UT-00:25:21, which agrees
297 # Observatory; see Malone D. Dunsink and timekeeping. 2016-01-24.
299 # writes that the Nautical Almanac listed UT-00:25:22 until 1896, when
300 # it moved to UT-00:25:21.1 (I confirmed that the 1893 edition used
303 # UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau. As it is
305 # from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this
312 # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
313 # Irish Times 2014-10-27.
314 # https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-risi…
316 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
345 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
346 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
349 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
359 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
367 # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-07):
383 # Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's
389 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
391 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
392 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
394 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
395 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
397 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
398 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
400 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
401 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
403 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
405 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
407 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
408 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
410 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
411 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
413 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
414 Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
415 Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
416 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
418 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
419 Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
420 Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
421 Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
422 Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
423 Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
424 Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
425 Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
426 Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
427 Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
428 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
430 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
432 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
434 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
435 Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
437 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
439 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
441 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
442 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
444 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
445 Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
447 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
448 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
449 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
450 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
452 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
453 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
455 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
456 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
460 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
461 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
463 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
464 Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
465 Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
466 Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
467 Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
468 Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
469 Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
473 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
474 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
478 Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
480 Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
484 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
485 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
490 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
491 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
495 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
502 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1
503 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
504 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
505 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
508 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-15):
511 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html
513 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html
518 # after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC; although this approximation has tm_isdst
522 # The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in
525 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
526 Rule Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00u -1:00 -
527 Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00u 0 -
528 Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00u -1:00 -
529 Rule Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 0 -
530 Rule Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u -1:00 -
531 Rule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 -
532 Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 -
535 #STDOFF -0:25:21.1
536 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
537 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s
538 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
539 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
540 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s
542 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s
544 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s
545 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
549 # 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
550 # 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
563 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
564 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
565 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
566 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
567 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
568 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
569 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
572 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
573 # http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
575 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
576 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
577 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
578 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
579 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
580 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
581 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
583 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
584 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
585 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
586 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
587 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
588 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
589 Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
590 Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
591 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
592 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
593 Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
595 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
596 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
599 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
612 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
613 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
614 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
618 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 -
622 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
626 # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
627 # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
631 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
633 # A small step for mankind though 8-)
634 Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
635 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
636 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
637 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
638 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
639 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
640 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
642 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
643 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
644 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
645 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
646 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
647 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
648 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
653 # The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23).
655 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
656 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
658 # Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137
659 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
661 # Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001
662 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
663 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
665 # Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949
666 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
668 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD
669 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
671 # Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840
672 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
674 # Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949
675 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05
677 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
678 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
679 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
680 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
681 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
682 # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
683 # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
684 Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
685 Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
687 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
690 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
692 # Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
693 # Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
700 # And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
705 # second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1);
710 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
718 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
729 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
736 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
743 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
744 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
746 # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
749 # D-38023 Braunschweig
750 # phone: +49 531 592-0
761 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
762 Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
763 Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
764 Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
765 Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
766 Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
767 Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
768 Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
769 Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
770 Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
771 Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
772 Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
773 Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
774 Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
775 Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
776 Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
777 Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
778 Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
779 Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
780 Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
781 Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
782 Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
783 Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
784 Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
785 Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
786 Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
788 Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
789 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
795 Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
796 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
797 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
804 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
805 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
806 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
807 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
809 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
811 # From Alois Treindl (2019-07-22):
815 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
816 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
817 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
818 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
819 Rule Austria 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
820 Rule Austria 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
821 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
822 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
823 Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
824 Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
826 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
827 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
829 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
831 1:00 - CET 1946
837 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02):
840 # 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00
844 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
849 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_5729…
853 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
855 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_763…
858 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
859 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
860 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
861 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
862 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
864 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
866 3:00 - %z
872 # From Michael Deckers (2019-08-25):
876 # the switch in Europe/Brussels on 1892-05-01 was from 00:17:30 to 00:00:00.
878 # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28):
879 # This quote helps explain the late-1914 situation:
889 # See: Pluvinage G. Brussels on German time. Cahiers Bruxellois -
890 # Brusselse Cahiers. 2014;XLVI(1E):15-38.
891 # https://www.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-bruxellois-2014-1E-page-15.htm
897 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
899 # pp 8-9.
904 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
905 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
906 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
907 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
908 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
909 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
910 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
911 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
912 Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
913 Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
914 Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
915 Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
916 Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
917 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
919 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
921 Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
922 Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
923 Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
924 Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
925 Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
926 Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
927 Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
928 Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
929 Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
930 Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
931 Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
932 Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
933 Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
934 Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
935 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
936 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
937 Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
938 Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
939 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
940 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
941 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
942 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
944 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
945 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 00:17:30
946 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
947 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
948 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
950 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
956 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
958 # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
959 # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
961 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
962 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
963 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
964 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
965 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
966 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
968 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
969 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
970 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
971 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
972 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
973 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
975 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
976 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
985 # From Ivan Benovic (2024-01-30):
986 # https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/1946/54/
1001 # From Paul Eggert (2024-01-30):
1003 # https://kalendar.beda.cz/kdy-zacina-a-konci-letni-cas
1013 # We know of no English-language name for historical Czech winter time;
1016 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1017 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1018 Rule Czech 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1019 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
1020 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1021 Rule Czech 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1022 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
1024 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
1025 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
1026 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 9
1029 1:00 -1:00 GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00
1031 # 0:00 - GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00
1038 Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
1039 0:00 - WET 1981
1044 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
1049 # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-10):
1051 # obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, and left the European Communities
1052 # on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
1054 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
1057 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
1058 # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
1064 # The military zone near Thule UTC-4
1065 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3
1066 # Scoresbysund UTC-1
1072 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
1080 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
1091 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
1096 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
1104 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
1108 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1116 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
1119 # http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Execu…
1122 # From Jonas Nyrup (2022-11-24):
1124 # from -03/-02 to -02/-01
1125 # https://sermitsiaq.ag/forslagtidsforskel-danmark-mindskes-sommertid-beholdes
1127 # https://sermitsiaq.ag/groenland-skifte-tidszone-trods-bekymringer
1129 # From Jürgen Appel (2022-11-25):
1130 # https://ina.gl/samlinger/oversigt-over-samlinger/samling/dagsordener/dagsorden.aspx?lang=da&day=2…
1132 # From Thomas M. Steenholdt (2022-12-02):
1133 # - The bill to move America/Nuuk from UTC-03 to UTC-02 passed.
1134 # - The bill to stop observing DST did not (Greenland will stop observing DST
1141 # shift to UTC-02 normaltime (people will not change their clocks here).
1142 # 3. After this, DST is still observed, but as -02/-01 instead of -03/-02.
1144 # From Múte Bourup Egede via Jógvan Svabo Samuelsen (2023-03-15):
1146 # because the standard time for Greenland will change from UTC -3 to UTC -2.
1150 # From a contributor who wishes to remain anonymous for now (2023-10-29):
1151 # https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/seneste/i-nat-skal-uret-stilles-en-time-tilbage-men-foerste-gang-sker-d…
1155 # What would mean that America/Scoresbysund would either be in -01 year round
1156 # or in -02/-01 like America/Nuuk, but no longer in -01/+00.
1158 # From Paul Eggert (2023-10-29):
1161 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1162 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1163 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1164 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1165 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1166 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1167 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1170 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1171 -3:00 - %z 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1172 -3:00 EU %z 1996
1173 0:00 - GMT
1176 # exceeds tzdb's 14-letter limit and has no common English abbreviation.
1177 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
1178 -2:00 - %z 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1179 -2:00 C-Eur %z 1981 Mar 29
1180 -1:00 EU %z 2024 Mar 31
1181 -2:00 EU %z
1182 Zone America/Nuuk -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Godthåb
1183 -3:00 - %z 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1184 -3:00 EU %z 2023 Mar 26 1:00u
1185 -2:00 - %z 2023 Oct 29 1:00u
1186 -2:00 EU %z
1187 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
1188 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1192 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1193 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1195 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
1200 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1210 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1211 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
1212 # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
1214 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
1220 # From The Baltic Times <https://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
1229 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
1230 # Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
1231 # No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
1232 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
1234 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
1238 # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
1239 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
1242 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1243 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1244 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1245 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1246 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1247 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1248 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1251 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
1253 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
1258 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
1262 # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
1270 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
1283 # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
1286 # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
1292 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
1295 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1296 Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S
1297 Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
1298 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1299 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1305 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
1306 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
1313 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
1316 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
1324 # From Michael Deckers (2020-06-11):
1326 # was published on 1891-03-15, so it could only take force on 1891-03-16.
1328 # From Michael Deckers (2020-06-10):
1329 # Le Gaulois, 1911-03-11, page 1/6, online at
1330 # https://www.retronews.fr/societe/echo-de-presse/2018/01/29/1911-change-lheure-de-paris
1332 # twenty-one seconds later the hands resumed their circular motion. ]
1337 # he announced "Heure nouvelle". See the "Le Petit Journal 1911-03-11".
1340 # From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12):
1343 # remote-controlled clocks ("pendules pneumatiques", of which there existed
1346 # the following story in the "Courrier de Saône-et-Loire" 1911-03-11, page 2:
1354 # From Paul Eggert (2020-06-12):
1359 # at 1911-03-11 00:00 legal time was that of Paris mean time delayed by
1360 # nine minutes and twenty-one seconds, and does not say how the
1370 # Do something similar for the 1891-03-16 transition. There are similar
1375 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1376 Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1377 Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
1378 Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1379 Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1380 Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1381 Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1382 Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
1383 Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1384 Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
1385 Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1386 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
1389 Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1390 Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1391 Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1392 Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
1393 Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1394 Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1395 Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1396 Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1397 Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
1398 Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1399 Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1400 Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1401 Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1402 Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1403 Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1404 Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1405 Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1406 Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1407 Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1408 Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1409 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
1412 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
1413 # Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
1415 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
1416 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
1417 Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1419 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
1422 Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
1423 Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
1424 Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
1425 Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
1426 Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
1427 Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
1428 Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
1429 Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
1430 Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1433 Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
1434 Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
1436 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1438 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 16
1439 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1442 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
1444 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1454 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1455 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1457 # [See tz-link.html for the URL.]
1459 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1464 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1465 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180a…
1472 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
1476 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
1477 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
1478 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and
1479 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation
1480 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
1481 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
1483 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been
1484 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
1491 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
1497 # <https://www.jan-mayen.no/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
1503 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
1509 # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
1511 # http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
1512 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
1518 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1519 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1520 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1521 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1522 …ms/en/ptb/fachabteilungen/abt4/fb-44/ag-441/realisation-of-legal-time-in-germany/dst-and-midsummer…
1525 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S
1526 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
1527 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1528 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1529 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1531 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1532 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1533 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1536 Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1537 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
1549 Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
1550 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1551 1:00 - CET 1982
1555 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1556 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1557 Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
1558 Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1559 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1560 Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
1561 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1562 Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1563 Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
1564 Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1565 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1566 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1567 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
1568 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
1569 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
1570 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
1571 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
1572 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1573 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1574 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1575 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
1576 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1577 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1578 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1580 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1581 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1585 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
1591 # From Michael Deckers (2020-06-09):
1593 # http://www.zeno.org/Roell-1912/A/Eisenbahnzeit
1594 # says that the switch [to CET] happened on 1890-11-01.
1596 # From Géza Nyáry (2020-06-07):
1597 # Data for 1918-1983 are based on the archive database of Library Hungaricana.
1602 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1606 Rule Hungary 1918 1919 - Apr 15 2:00 1:00 S
1607 Rule Hungary 1918 1920 - Sep Mon>=15 3:00 0 -
1608 Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S
1610 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
1611 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1613 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
1615 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 -
1616 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1947_04_1__001-123/?pg=90
1618 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1948_03_3__001-123/?pg=304
1622 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/UjSzo_1949_01-04/?pg=102
1625 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
1626 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1628 Rule Hungary 1954 only - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
1629 Rule Hungary 1954 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1631 Rule Hungary 1955 only - May 22 2:00 1:00 S
1632 Rule Hungary 1955 only - Oct 2 3:00 0 -
1637 Rule Hungary 1956 1957 - Jun Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1638 Rule Hungary 1956 1957 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1640 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
1641 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Sep 28 1:00 0 -
1646 Rule Hungary 1981 1983 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1647 Rule Hungary 1981 1983 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1650 Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Nov 1
1651 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
1655 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1663 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1666 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1670 # From Stephen Trainor (2019-05-06):
1671 # http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale/ORA_LEGALE_ESTIVA_IN_ITALIA.htm
1685 # From Luigi Rosa (2019-05-07):
1689 # From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
1690 # http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
1695 # From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20):
1700 # (2016-10-24):
1701 # http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/
1707 # From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23):
1710 # Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is
1711 # advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
1712 # Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
1714 # From Alois Treindl (2019-07-02):
1721 # From Paul Eggert (2021-10-05):
1724 # Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
1725 # to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
1726 # was effectively controlled by Germany. Using C-Eur is consistent
1731 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1732 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S
1733 Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 -
1734 Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S
1735 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S
1736 Rule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 -
1737 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S
1738 Rule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 -
1739 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S
1740 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
1741 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
1742 Rule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
1743 Rule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1744 Rule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
1745 Rule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1746 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
1747 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1748 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 -
1749 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1750 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1751 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1752 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1753 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1754 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1755 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1756 Rule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 -
1757 Rule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 -
1758 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1759 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1760 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1761 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1762 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1763 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1764 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1765 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1766 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1767 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1768 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1769 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1770 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1771 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1772 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1774 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Dec 12
1775 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:00u # Rome Mean
1777 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4
1783 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
1790 # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1791 # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1796 # Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1797 # according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1803 # Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1804 # according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1812 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1815 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1818 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1821 # 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
1825 # http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
1826 # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
1828 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
1833 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
1838 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1839 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1840 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1847 Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880
1848 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT
1850 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1852 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11
1853 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1854 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1855 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
1860 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
1865 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1866 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1868 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1869 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1872 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
1876 # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>,
1886 # <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
1889 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
1899 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1900 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1901 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1902 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1903 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1904 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1905 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1906 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1909 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1910 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1912 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
1917 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21):
1918 # Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks.
1920 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1921 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1922 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1923 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1924 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1925 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1926 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1927 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1929 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
1936 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
1937 # the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
1939 # ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
1942 # adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
1946 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1948 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1950 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
1951 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
1954 # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
1957 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
1963 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
1964 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
1967 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
1969 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
1971 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
1975 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
1977 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
1979 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
1984 # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
1986 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
1987 # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
1988 # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also,
1989 # https://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
1990 # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
1993 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1994 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1995 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
1998 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1999 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
2000 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2003 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
2006 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2012 # The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
2013 # <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2.
2015 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2016 Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
2017 Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
2018 Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
2020 Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2021 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2022 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
2023 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2026 # https://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
2027 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
2031 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
2032 Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
2033 Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
2034 Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2035 Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
2036 Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
2037 Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
2038 Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2039 Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
2040 Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
2041 Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
2042 Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
2043 Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2044 Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2046 Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
2047 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
2048 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
2051 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
2053 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
2058 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Alois Treindl (2021-02-07) and Michael
2059 # Deckers (2021-02-10):
2065 # República (until 1976-04-09 known as the Diário do Govêrno) at
2075 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a
2076 # heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
2077 # According to a 1911-05-24 Portuguese decree, Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but
2078 # switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
2086 # The decree was gazetted in the 1911-05-30 issue of Diário do Govêrno, and is
2087 # considered to be dated 1911-05-24 by that issue's summary; however, the text
2088 # of the decree itself is dated 1911-05-26. The Diário da República website
2090 # to this decree by the 1911-05-24 date.
2092 # From Michael Deckers (2018-02-15):
2098 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2099 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
2100 # DSH writes in their history that Decreto 1469 of 1915-03-30 established
2105 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/1469-1915-285721
2109 # 2433 of 1916-06-09 and restored by Decreto 2712 of 1916-10-28. While Whitman
2110 # gives 1916-10-31 for the latter transition, Shanks & Pottenger agrees more
2114 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/2433-1916-267192
2116 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/2712-1916-590937
2118 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
2119 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
2120 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
2121 # Article 7 of Decreto 2922 of 1916-12-30 stated that "the legal time will be
2123 # came into force from 1917-01-01. Just before the first fall back, Decreto
2124 # 3446 of 1917-10-11 changed the annual end date to 14 October.
2125 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/2922-1916-261894
2127 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/3446-1917-495161
2129 # This annual change was revoked by Decreto 8038 of 1922-02-18.
2130 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/8038-1922-569751
2132 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 S
2133 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 24:00 0 -
2134 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
2135 # Decreto 9592 of 1924-04-14 noted that "France maintains the advance of legal
2143 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/9592-1924-652133
2146 # Decreto 10700, issued 1925-04-16, noted that Spain had not continued summer
2150 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto/10700-1925-437826
2152 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2153 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
2154 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
2155 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2156 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
2157 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
2158 Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
2159 Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
2161 Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2162 Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
2163 Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
2165 # Note: The 1935 law specified 10-06 00:00, not 10-05 24:00, but the following
2167 Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2169 Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
2170 Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
2172 Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
2173 Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
2174 Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2176 Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
2177 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
2178 # Portaria 9465 of 1940-02-17 advanced clocks from Saturday 1940-02-24 23:00.
2179 # The clocks were restored by Portaria 9658, issued Monday 1940-10-07,
2181 # Whitman gives Saturday 1940-10-05 instead.
2182 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/portaria/9465-1940-189096
2184 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/portaria/9658-1940-196729
2186 Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
2187 Rule Port 1940 only - Oct 7 23:00s 0 -
2188 Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2189 Rule Port 1941 only - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
2190 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
2191 Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
2192 Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
2193 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
2194 Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
2195 Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
2196 Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
2197 Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
2198 Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2199 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Alois Treindl (2021-02-07):
2200 # The Astronomical Observatory of Lisbon cites Portaria 11767 of 1947-03-28 for
2201 # 1947 and Portaria 12286 of 1948-02-19 for 1948.
2202 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/portaria/11767-1947-414787
2204 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/portaria/12286-1948-152953
2207 # Although the latter ordinance explicitly had the 1948-10-03 transition
2208 # scheduled for 02:00 rather than 03:00 as had been used in 1947, Decreto-Lei
2209 # 37048 of 1948-09-07 recognized "that it is advisable to definitely set...the
2211 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/37048-1948-373810
2213 # While the Observatory only cites this act for 1949-1965 and not for 1948, it
2215 # it overrode the prior ordinance for 1948-10-03.
2220 Rule Port 1947 1966 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2221 Rule Port 1947 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2222 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
2223 # Decreto-Lei 47233 of 1966-10-01 considered that the "duality" in time was
2227 # "summer time" would apply year-round on the mainland and adjacent islands
2230 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/47233-1966-293729
2232 # previously-appointed fall back time.
2234 # Decreto-Lei 309/76 of 1976-04-27 acknowledged that those international
2236 # year-round advancement "entails considerable sacrifices for the vast majority
2238 # visibility concerns for schoolchildren. It specified, beginning 1976-09-26
2245 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/309-1976-502063
2246 Rule Port 1976 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2247 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2248 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
2249 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
2251 # (Easter fell on 1978-03-26), Article 5 was used instead, which allowed DST
2254 # considered convenient." As such, a series of one-off ordinances were
2257 Rule Port 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
2258 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
2259 Rule Port 1979 1980 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2260 Rule Port 1981 1986 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2261 Rule Port 1981 1985 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
2262 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
2263 # Decreto-Lei 44-B/86 of 1986-03-07 switched mainland Portugal's transition
2264 # times from 0:00s to 1:00u to harmonize with the EEC from 1986-03-30.
2265 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/44-b-1986-628280
2266 # (Transitions of 1:00s as previously reported and used by the W-Eur rules,
2272 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
2276 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
2280 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
2281 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
2285 #STDOFF -0:36:44.68
2286 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
2287 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00u # Lisbon MT
2289 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2295 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
2298 # https://oal.ul.pt/hora-legal/legislacao/
2300 # Decreto-Lei 47233 of 1966-10-01, the last time DST was abolished across the
2305 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2306 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 2:00u # Horta MT
2308 -2:00 Port %z 1966 Oct 2 2:00s
2309 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
2310 # While Decreto-Lei 309/76 of 1976-04-27 reintroduced DST on the mainland by
2311 # falling back on 1976-09-26, it assigned the Permanent Time Commission to
2313 # 9/77/A of 1977-05-17 affirmed that "the legal time remained unchanged in the
2314 # Azores" at UT-1, and would remain there year-round.
2315 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-regional/9-1977-252066
2317 # Decreto Regional 2/82/A, published 1982-03-02, adopted DST in the same
2319 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-regional/2-1982-599965
2321 # this was equivalent to the EU-style 1:00u adopted by the mainland in 1986, so
2323 -1:00 - %z 1982 Mar 28 0:00s
2324 -1:00 Port %z 1986
2326 # -2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
2327 # -2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
2328 # -2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
2329 # -2:00 Port +00 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
2330 # -2:00 Port -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
2331 # -2:00 Port +00 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
2332 # -2:00 Port -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
2333 # -2:00 Port +00 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
2334 # -2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Oct 2 2:00s
2335 # -1:00 - -01 1982 Mar 28 0:00s
2336 # -1:00 Port -01/+00 1986
2339 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
2340 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
2341 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
2343 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
2344 # After mainland Portugal had shifted forward an hour from 1992-09-27, Decreto
2345 # Legislativo Regional 29/92/A of 1992-12-23 sought to "reduce the time
2346 # difference" by shifting the Azores forward as well from 1992-12-27. Just six
2349 # give a transition time, it was signed Wednesday 1993-06-16; assume it took
2350 # effect later that evening, and that an EU-style spring forward (to +01) was
2351 # still observed in the interim on 1993-03-28.
2352 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-legislativo-regional/29-1992-621553
2353 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-legislativo-regional/9-1993-389633
2354 -1:00 EU %z 1992 Dec 27 1:00s
2356 -1:00 EU %z
2358 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2359 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u # Funchal MT
2361 -1:00 Port %z 1966 Oct 2 2:00s
2363 # -1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
2364 # -1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
2365 # -1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
2366 # -1:00 Port +01 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
2367 # -1:00 Port -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
2368 # -1:00 Port +01 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
2369 # -1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
2370 # -1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
2371 # -1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Oct 2 2:00s
2374 # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01):
2375 # Decreto Regional 5/82/M, published 1982-04-03, established DST transitions at
2378 # 1982-04-04, thus resuming Madeira's DST practice about a week later than the
2380 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-regional/5-1982-608273
2382 # Decreto Legislativo Regional 18/86/M, published 1986-10-01, adopted EU-style
2384 # 1986-07-31.
2385 # https://dre.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-legislativo-regional/18-1986-221705
2386 0:00 - WET 1982 Apr 4
2392 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2394 # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
2399 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2400 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
2401 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
2402 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
2403 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2404 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2405 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2406 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2407 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2408 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
2410 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
2411 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2413 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2415 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2421 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
2431 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
2436 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2437 # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
2446 # https://rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
2450 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
2454 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
2471 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
2473 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
2474 # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
2475 # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
2479 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
2481 # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
2485 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
2486 # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
2487 # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
2491 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
2493 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2494 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
2499 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2502 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
2505 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
2507 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
2511 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
2512 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
2517 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
2518 # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
2520 # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
2523 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
2526 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
2532 # From Marat Nigametzianov (2018-07-16):
2534 # http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2011/11/novyie-granitsyi-chasovyih-poyasov-v-sssr/
2536 # From Paul Eggert (2018-07-16):
2537 # Perhaps someone could translate the above-mentioned link and use it
2538 # to correct our data for the ex-Soviet Union. It cites the following:
2540 # отв. ред. Г.Д. Бурдун - М: Комитет стандартов, мер и измерительных
2547 # From Stepan Golosunov (2018-07-21):
2548 # http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2015/05/center-reforma-ischisleniya-vremeni-br-na-territori…
2559 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2566 # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
2569 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2571 # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
2573 # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
2574 # Although Shanks lists 1945-01-01 as the date for transition from
2576 # the transition occurred at 1945-04-10 00:00, which is about when
2579 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2580 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2582 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2583 # http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-b…
2584 # confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
2586 # summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
2587 # 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
2590 # says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
2591 # at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
2592 # Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
2594 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2595 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 10
2599 3:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2600 2:00 - EET
2603 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and
2604 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2606 # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
2607 # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
2608 # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
2609 # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
2610 # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
2611 # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
2612 # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
2613 # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
2614 # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
2615 # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
2616 # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
2617 # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
2618 # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
2619 # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
2620 # 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
2621 # 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
2622 # 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
2623 # 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
2624 # 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
2625 # 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
2626 # 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
2627 # 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
2628 # 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
2629 # 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
2630 # 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
2631 # 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
2632 # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
2633 # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
2634 # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
2635 # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
2636 # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2637 # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
2638 # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
2639 # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
2640 # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
2641 # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
2642 # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
2643 # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
2644 # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
2645 # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
2646 # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
2647 # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
2648 # 77 RU-MOW Moscow
2649 # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
2650 # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2652 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
2653 # The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59
2654 # (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time
2655 # zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854
2656 # specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT.
2657 # No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date;
2658 # later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are
2662 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2663 # 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982.
2675 # introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt
2676 # border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous
2681 # 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was
2683 # hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01
2686 # The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems
2687 # and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not
2688 # moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan,
2689 # Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian,
2690 # Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol
2699 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
2701 # of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds
2711 # Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act.
2712 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
2713 # implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01.
2718 # All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at
2719 # 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1
2720 # change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia).
2731 # 1991-03-31 switch and one person at
2732 # https://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
2733 # says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception
2736 # From Alois Treindl (2022-02-15):
2741 # Lipetsk, Voronezh, Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar and regions to the east
2744 # decisive - in 1982, these regions again switched to Moscow time."
2747 # book. Coordinates of cities and time corrections, - The World of
2755 # From Paul Eggert (2022-02-15):
2761 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
2773 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2779 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2780 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2784 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2788 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2789 3:00 - MSK
2792 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
2795 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2796 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2797 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2798 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2799 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2801 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2802 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 20
2805 # From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21):
2806 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reported that central Crimea switched
2810 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2812 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2814 3:00 C-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
2816 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) said Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2818 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2819 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
2822 # From Tim Parenti (2022-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
2827 # https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/crimea-to-set-clocks-to-russia-time-1140330…
2828 …https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-crimea-time/crimea-switches-to-moscow-time-amid-…
2829 # https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-26806583
2831 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2832 3:00 - MSK
2835 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2837 # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
2839 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2841 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12):
2845 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2848 Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May
2849 3:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
2852 4:00 - %z 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2854 4:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2855 3:00 - %z 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2856 4:00 - %z
2858 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
2860 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2861 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
2863 # From Alexander Fetisov (2018-09-20):
2866 # http://sozd.parliament.gov.ru/bill/452878-7
2868 # From Stepan Golosunov (2018-10-11):
2872 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2020-11-27):
2875 # https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/1012130-7
2877 # From Stepan Golosunov (2020-12-05):
2881 # From Stepan Golosunov (2020-12-22):
2885 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2886 3:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
2887 4:00 - %z 1961 Nov 11
2890 4:00 - %z 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2892 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2893 3:00 - MSK 2018 Oct 28 2:00s
2894 4:00 - %z 2020 Dec 27 2:00s
2895 3:00 - MSK
2897 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
2899 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2901 # From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11):
2903 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11):
2905 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22):
2908 Zone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2909 3:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
2912 4:00 - %z 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2914 4:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2915 3:00 - %z 2016 Dec 4 2:00s
2916 4:00 - %z
2918 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2920 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2921 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2923 Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2924 3:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
2927 4:00 - %z 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2929 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2930 3:00 - MSK
2932 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2934 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2935 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
2937 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2939 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2941 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2942 3:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
2943 4:00 - %z 1935 Jan 27
2947 3:00 - %z 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2950 4:00 - %z
2952 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2954 # 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
2956 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2958 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
2961 # 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading.
2962 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2965 Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2966 3:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
2971 4:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2972 3:00 - %z 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2973 4:00 - %z
2975 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2977 # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
2978 # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
2979 # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
2980 # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
2981 # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
2982 # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
2983 # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
2984 # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
2985 # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2987 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
2988 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
2992 # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
2996 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
2997 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
2998 4:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3002 6:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3003 5:00 - %z
3006 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
3008 # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
3012 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
3013 5:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3017 7:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3018 6:00 - %z
3020 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
3022 # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
3023 # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
3027 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
3028 # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
3029 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
3031 # 1995-05-28.
3038 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17…
3039 # confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
3041 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
3044 # Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
3046 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
3050 Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10
3051 6:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3056 7:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3057 6:00 - %z 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
3058 7:00 - %z
3060 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
3062 # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
3064 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30):
3065 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6
3067 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04):
3071 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
3072 6:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3077 7:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3078 6:00 - %z 2016 Jul 24 2:00s
3079 7:00 - %z
3081 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
3083 # 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
3085 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24):
3088 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
3091 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19):
3099 # 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014).
3101 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12):
3102 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6
3104 # from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at
3111 # Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws,
3113 # http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/
3117 # approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and
3118 # published as a law around 2016-04-26.
3120 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26):
3123 Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22
3124 6:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3129 7:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3130 6:00 - %z 2016 May 29 2:00s
3131 7:00 - %z
3134 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3136 # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
3138 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
3141 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
3142 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
3150 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
3157 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
3158 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
3161 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
3162 6:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3167 7:00 - %z
3169 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
3171 # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
3172 # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
3173 # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
3175 # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
3176 # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
3180 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
3181 6:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3185 8:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3186 7:00 - %z
3189 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
3191 # 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
3192 # 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
3194 # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
3195 # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
3201 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880
3202 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
3203 7:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3207 9:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3208 8:00 - %z
3211 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
3213 # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
3215 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
3216 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
3218 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
3219 # [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
3224 Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
3225 8:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3229 10:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3230 8:00 - %z 2016 Mar 27 2:00
3231 9:00 - %z
3234 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
3236 # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
3238 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3239 # 14-02 **** Aldansky District
3240 # 14-04 **** Amginsky District
3241 # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
3242 # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
3243 # 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
3244 # 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
3245 # 14-11 **** Gorny District
3246 # 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
3247 # 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
3248 # 14-14 **** Lensky District
3249 # 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
3250 # 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
3251 # 14-18 **** Namsky District
3252 # 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
3253 # 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
3254 # 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
3255 # 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
3256 # 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
3257 # 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
3258 # 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
3259 # 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
3260 # 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
3261 # 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
3263 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3264 # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
3270 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
3271 8:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3275 10:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3276 9:00 - %z
3279 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
3281 # 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
3282 # 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
3283 # 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3285 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3286 # 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
3287 # 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
3293 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
3294 9:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3298 11:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3299 10:00 - %z
3302 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3303 # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3304 # 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
3305 # 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
3307 # From Arthur David Olson (2022-03-21):
3308 # Tomponsky and Ust-Maysky switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
3311 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
3316 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
3317 8:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3322 11:00 - %z 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
3323 10:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3324 9:00 - %z
3327 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3329 # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
3331 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
3333 # From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22):
3335 # (2016-03-09):
3338 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
3339 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
3340 9:00 - %z 1945 Aug 25
3345 11:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3346 10:00 - %z 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
3347 11:00 - %z
3350 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
3352 # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
3354 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
3355 # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
3356 # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
3361 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27):
3362 # ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
3365 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05):
3369 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
3370 10:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
3374 12:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3375 10:00 - %z 2016 Apr 24 2:00s
3376 11:00 - %z
3379 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
3380 # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3381 # 14-01 **** Abyysky District
3382 # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
3383 # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
3384 # 14-17 **** Momsky District
3385 # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
3386 # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
3388 # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
3389 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
3391 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
3392 # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
3394 # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
3396 # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
3398 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
3399 # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
3401 # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
3415 # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
3420 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
3421 10:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3425 12:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3426 11:00 - %z
3429 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3430 # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3431 # 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
3433 # From Arthur David Olson (2022-03-21):
3437 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
3440 # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
3443 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
3444 8:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3449 12:00 - %z 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
3450 11:00 - %z 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3451 10:00 - %z
3454 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
3456 # 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
3458 # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
3459 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
3461 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
3462 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
3463 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
3464 11:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3469 12:00 - %z
3472 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3474 # 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
3476 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
3477 12:00 - %z 1930 Jun 21
3483 12:00 - %z
3493 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
3494 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
3495 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
3496 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
3499 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
3501 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
3506 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14):
3511 # http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficiale…
3516 # the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that
3523 # From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15):
3524 # The Royal Decree of 1900-07-26 quoted by Planesas, online at
3525 # https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf
3531 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3532 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
3533 Rule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 -
3534 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S
3535 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00 1:00 S
3536 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 24:00s 0 -
3537 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
3538 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
3539 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
3540 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
3541 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
3542 # Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28.
3543 Rule Spain 1937 only - Jun 16 23:00 1:00 S
3544 Rule Spain 1937 only - Oct 2 24:00s 0 -
3545 Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3546 Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 30 23:00 2:00 M
3547 Rule Spain 1938 only - Oct 2 24:00 1:00 S
3551 # 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on
3552 # 1939-04-15. For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not
3556 #Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
3557 Rule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 -
3558 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S
3559 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 -
3560 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
3561 Rule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3562 Rule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3563 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
3564 Rule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 -
3565 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S
3566 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3567 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
3568 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3569 Rule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3570 Rule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
3571 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
3573 #Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S
3574 #Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
3575 #Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S
3578 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
3579 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3580 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
3581 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
3582 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3583 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
3584 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3585 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3586 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
3588 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00u
3592 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00u
3593 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
3595 0:00 - WET 1924
3597 0:00 - WET 1967 # Help zishrink.awk.
3599 1:00 - CET 1986
3601 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
3602 -1:00 - %z 1946 Sep 30 1:00
3603 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
3606 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
3617 # mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
3618 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3620 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
3621 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
3623 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
3624 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
3626 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
3658 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3659 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3670 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
3672 # https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
3676 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
3679 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
3683 # From Paul Eggert (2024-05-24):
3687 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
3691 # ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
3697 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
3702 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
3705 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
3709 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
3713 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
3715 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
3718 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3719 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3720 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3722 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
3724 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
3730 # From Alois Treindl (2019-08-12):
3733 # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28):
3738 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2019-08-12):
3740 # 1973-06-03 01:00 -> 02:00, 1973-11-04 02:00 -> 01:00
3743 # 1974-03-31 02:00 -> 03:00, 1974-11-03 02:00 -> 01:00
3746 # 1975-03-22 02:00 -> 03:00, 1975-11-02 02:00 -> 01:00
3749 # 1976-03-21 02:00 -> 03:00, 1976-10-31 02:00 -> 01:00
3752 # 1977-04-03 02:00 -> 03:00, 1977-10-16 02:00 -> 01:00,
3753 # 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below)
3754 # 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below)
3755 # 1979-04-01 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below)
3756 # 1979-10-14 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below)
3760 # 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00, 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00
3766 # to +3. This is published & applied on 1978-06-29. At that time, Turkey was
3771 # 1983-07-31 02:00 -> 03:00 (note that this jumps TZ to +4)
3772 # 1983-10-02 02:00 -> 01:00 (back to +3)
3775 # At this time, Turkey is still on +3 with no spring-forward on early
3779 # that will happen: 1984-11-01 02:00 -> 01:00. You can think of this
3783 # 1985-04-20 01:00 -> 02:00, 1985-09-28 02:00 -> 01:00
3785 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
3786 # 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
3794 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf#page=1 for 1990 - 1992
3795 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf#page=15 for 1993 - 1995
3798 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf#page=10 for 1998 - 2000
3799 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001
3800 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006
3801 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
3804 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
3806 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
3808 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
3809 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
3811 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3814 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
3820 # https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464
3822 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3825 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
3827 # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
3831 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
3835 # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
3838 # From Fatih (2015-09-29):
3841 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
3843 # From BBC News (2015-10-25):
3847 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
3849 # From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08):
3851 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
3853 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
3857 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2017-10-28):
3858 # Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting 2018-10.
3859 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171028-5.pdf
3861 # From Even Scharning (2017-11-08):
3863 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/son-dakika-yaz-saati-uygulamasi-surekli-hale-geldi-40637482
3864 # From Paul Eggert (2017-11-08):
3868 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3869 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3870 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3871 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
3872 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
3873 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
3874 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
3875 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3876 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3877 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
3879 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
3880 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3881 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3882 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
3883 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
3884 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
3885 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
3886 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3887 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3888 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3889 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3890 Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
3891 Rule Turkey 1947 1951 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3892 Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
3893 Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
3894 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
3896 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
3897 Rule Turkey 1963 only - Oct 30 0:00 0 -
3898 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
3899 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3900 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
3901 Rule Turkey 1973 1976 - Oct Sun>=31 2:00 0 -
3902 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3903 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 22 2:00 1:00 S
3904 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Mar 21 2:00 1:00 S
3905 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
3906 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
3907 Rule Turkey 1978 only - Jun 29 0:00 0 -
3908 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 2:00 1:00 S
3909 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 -
3910 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 1:00s 1:00 S
3911 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 1:00s 0 -
3912 Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3913 Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3914 Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S
3915 Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3916 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3918 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3919 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3924 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3926 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
3930 3:00 - %z
3934 # From Alois Treindl (2014-03-01):
3947 # From Paul Eggert (2022-08-27):
3952 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
3959 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
3975 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
3980 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
3986 # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
3990 # From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kyiv time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
3992 # 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST
3993 # 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3999 # 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
4004 # 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
4007 # 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST
4013 # 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started
4014 # 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended
4019 Zone Europe/Kyiv 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
4020 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kyiv Mean Time
4021 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
4022 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
4023 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
4026 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13
4043 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
4056 # lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
4061 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
4082 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
4095 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):